List Of Computer Icons And Their Functions

A list of items that can be opened by clicking on their names or icons.Show Desktop icon-Windows Media Player. Information about the features and functions. The File Explorer icon is a yellow folder that, when opened, will let you browse through the content of your computer. The other icons directly beside it are pinned programs. Rebuild The Icon Cache For Your Computer. Your computer uses the icon cache file to display icons on your desktop. If there’s an issue with this file, it can cause your desktop icons to disappear. Fortunately, you can rebuild this cache file by following a few steps on your computer. Use the Start Menu to search for and open File Explorer.

1. Computer Icons Meanings List
2. Computer Functions And Uses
3. List Of Computer Icons And Their Functions Examples

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A computer system consists of mainly four basic units; namely input unit, storage unit, central processing unit and output unit. Central Processing unit further includes Arithmetic logic unit and control unit, as shown in the figure:.A computer performs five major operations or functions irrespective of its size and make. These are

• it accepts data or instructions as input,

• it stores data and instruction

• it processes data as per the instructions,

• it controls all operations inside a computer, and

• it gives results in the form of output.

Functional Units:

a. Input Unit: This unit is used for entering data and programs into the computer system by the user for processing.

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Basic Computer Organisation

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b. Storage Unit: The storage unit is used for storing data and instructions before and after processing.

c. Output Unit: The output unit is used for storing the result as output produced by the computer after processing.

d. Processing: The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is called processing. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) takes data and instructions from the storage unit and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions given and the type of data provided. It is then sent back to the storage unit. CPU includes Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit (CU)

• Arithmetic Logic Unit: All calculations and comparisons, based on the instructions provided, are carried out within the ALU. It performs arithmetic functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and also logical operations like greater than, less than and equal to etc.

• Control Unit: Controlling of all operations like input, processing and output are performed by control unit. It takes care of step by step processing of all operations in side the computer.

Memory

Computer’s memory can be classified into two types; primary memory and secondary memory

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a. Primary Memory can be further classified as RAM and ROM.

• RAM or Random Access Memory is the unit in a computer system. It is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs and the data in current use are kept temporarily so that they can be accessed by the computer’s processor. It is said to be ‘volatile’ since its contents are accessible only as long as the computer is on. The contents of RAM are no more available once the computer is turned off.

ROM or Read Only Memory is a special type of memory which can only be read and contents of which are not lost even when the computer is switched off. It typically contains manufacturer’s instructions. Among other things, ROM also stores an initial program called the ‘bootstrap loader’ whose function is to start the operation of computer system once the power is turned on.

b. Secondary Memory

RAM is volatile memory having a limited storage capacity. Secondary/auxiliary memory is storage other than the RAM. These include devices that are peripheral and are connected and controlled by the computer to enable permanent storage of programs and data.

• CD ROM

Secondary storage devices are of two types; magnetic and optical. Magnetic devices include hard disks and optical storage devices are CDs, DVDs, Pen drive, Zip drive etc.

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• Hard Disk

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Hard disks are made up of rigid material and are usually a stack of metal disks sealed in a box. The hard disk and the hard disk drive exist together as a unit and is a permanent part of the computer where data and programs are saved. These disks have storage capacities ranging from 1GB to 80 GB and more. Hard disks are rewritable.

• Compact Disk

Compact Disk (CD) is portable disk having data storage capacity between 650-700 MB. It can hold large amount of information such as music, full-motion videos, and text etc. CDs can be either read only or read write type.

• Digital Video Disk

Digital Video Disk (DVD) is similar to a CD but has larger storage capacity and enormous clarity. Depending upon the disk type it can store several Gigabytes of data. DVDs are primarily used to store music or movies and can be played back on your television or the computer too. These are not rewritable.

Input / Output Devices:

These devices are used to enter information and instructions into a computer for storage or processing and to deliver the processed data to a user. Input/Output devices are required for users to communicate with the computer. In simple terms, input devices bring information INTO the computer and output devices bring information OUT of a computer system. These input/output devices are also known as peripherals since they surround the CPU and memory of a computer system.

Input Devices

An input device is any device that provides input to a computer. There are many input devices, but the two most common ones are a keyboard and mouse. Every key you press on the keyboard and every movement or click you make with the mouse sends a specific input signal to the computer.

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• Keyboard: The keyboard is very much like a standard typewriter keyboard with a few additional keys. The basic QWERTY layout of characters is maintained to make it easy to use the system. The additional keys are included to perform certain special functions. These are known as function keys that vary in number from keyboard to keyboard.

• Mouse: A device that controls the movement of the cursor or pointer on a display screen. A mouse is a small object you can roll along a hard and flat surface. Its name is derived from its shape, which looks a bit like a mouse. As you move the mouse, the pointer on the display screen moves in the same direction.

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• Trackball: A trackball is an input device used to enter motion data into computers or other electronic devices. It serves the same purpose as a mouse, but is designed with a moveable ball on the top, which can be rolled in any direction.

• Touchpad: A touch pad is a device for pointing (controlling input positioning) on a computer display screen. It is an alternative to the mouse. Originally incorporated in laptop computers, touch pads are also being made for use with desktop computers. A touch pad works by sensing the user’s finger movement and downward pressure. • Touch Screen: It allows the user to operate/make selections by simply touching the display screen. A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a finger or stylus. Widely used on ATM machines, retail point-of-sale terminals, car navigation systems, medical monitors and industrial control panels.

• Light Pen: Light pen is an input device that utilizes a light-sensitive detector to select objects on a display screen.

• Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR): MICR can identify character printed with a special ink that contains particles of magnetic material. This device particularly finds applications in banking industry.

• Optical mark recognition (OMR): Optical mark recognition, also called mark sense reader is a technology where an OMR device senses the presence or absence of a mark, such as pencil mark. OMR is widely used in tests such as aptitude test.

• Bar code reader: Bar-code readers are photoelectric scanners that read the bar codes or vertical zebra strips marks, printed on product containers. These devices are generally used in super markets, bookshops etc.

Light Pen

Scanner

Scanner is an input device that can read text or illustration printed on paper and translates the information into a form that the computer can use. A scanner works by digitizing an image. (Fig. 1.7)

Output Devices:

Output device receives information from the CPU and presents it to the user in the desired from. The processed data, stored in the memory of the computer is sent to the output unit, which then converts it into a form that can be understood by the user. The output is usually produced in one of the two ways – on the display device, or on paper (hard copy).

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•Monitor: is often used synonymously with “computer screen” or “display.” Monitor is an output device that resembles the television screen (fig. 1.8). It may use a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) to display information. The monitor is associated with a keyboard for manual input of characters and displays the information as it is keyed in. It also displays the program or application output. Like the television, monitors are also available in different sizes.• Printer: Printers are used to produce paper (commonly known as hard copy) output. Based on the technology used, they can be classified as Impact or Non-impact printers.

Impact printers use the typewriting printing mechanism wherein a hammer strikes the paper through a ribbon in order to produce output. Dot-matrix and Character printers fall under this category.

Non-impact printers do not touch the paper while printing. They use chemical, heat or electrical signals to etch the symbols on paper. Inkjet, Deskjet, Laser, Thermal printers fall under this category of printers.

• Plotter: Plotters are used to print graphical output on paper. It interprets computer commands and makes line drawings on paper using multi colored automated pens. It is capable of producing graphs, drawings, charts, maps etc. • Facsimile (FAX): Facsimile machine, a device that can send or receive pictures and text over a telephone line. Fax machines work by digitizing an image.

• Sound cards and Speaker(s): An expansion board that enables a computer to manipulate and output sounds. Sound cards are necessary for nearly all CD-ROMs and have become commonplace on modern personal computers. Sound cards enable the computer to output sound through speakers connected to the board, to record sound input from a microphone connected to the computer, and manipulate sound stored on a disk.

The graphical desktop environment should not pose any problems for former Windows* or Macintosh* users. The main components of the desktop are the icons on the desktop and the panel at the bottom of the screen.

Abbildung 1.2. An Example KDE Desktop

Desktop icons represent files, directories, applications, functions, and removable media, like CDs or DVDs.

The desktop has the following icons by default:

Contains files and folders that have been deleted. For information about using the trash can, see Abschnitt 1.3.4, „Managing the Trash Bin“.

Displays information about hardware, network status, operating system, hard disks, common folders, and removable devices. For more information, refer to Abschnitt 1.3.3, „Accessing Removable Media“.

Displays network services you can access. Some of the services might require authentication. To learn more, refer to Kapitel 8, Accessing Network Resources.

Opens KJobViewer that displays print jobs you have sent to printers. See Abschnitt 1.8.1, „Starting Print Jobs in KDE“ for more information.

The panel (in KDE also called „Kicker“) is a bar, typically located at the top or the bottom of the screen. It is designed to provide information about running applications or the system and easy access to some important functions or applications. If you hold your pointer over an icon, a short description is displayed.

Abbildung 1.3. KDE Panel (Kicker)

The panel typically consists of the following areas:

By default, the left end of the panel has an icon that opens the main menu (in KDE also called K menu), similar to the start button on the MS Windows desktop. The main menu has a well-ordered structure for accessing the main applications. It also contains menu items for major functions like logging out or searching for applications. For more information, see Abschnitt 1.3.1, „Accessing the Main Menu“.

Next to the main menu icon, find the quick launcher. It holds some icons for the most important functions or applications to enable you to start them without going through the main menu.

Next to the quick launcher, find the desktop previewer, which shows your different desktops. These virtual desktops enable you to organize your work. If you use many programs simultaneously, you might want to run some programs in one desktop and other programs in the other desktop. To switch between desktops, click the desktop symbol in the panel.

The taskbar is located next to the desktop previewer. By default, all started applications and open windows are displayed in the taskbar, which allows you to access any application regardless of the currently active desktop. If you click a window title in the taskbar, the application is moved to the foreground. If it is already in the foreground, clicking minimizes the application.

The rightmost part of the panel usually holds the system clock, the volume control, and several other helper applications.

To learn how to configure the appearance and behavior of your desktop, including the main menu, desktop icons, or the panel, refer to Abschnitt 2.1, „The KDE Control Center“.

Open the main menu by hovering the mouse pointer over the icon to the far left of the panel. Alternatively, press Alt-F1.

The main menu consists of the following elements: a search function at the top and several tabs at the bottom, providing quick access to the key functions of the menu. Additionally the menu displays your login name and the hostname of your computer at the very bottom. This information is useful when you are logged in as a different user or on a remote computer—it always shows you which system you are currently working on.

Abbildung 1.4. KDE Main Menu

The following tabs are available:

Shows a default selection of key programs for quick access. You can modify the selection and add or delete programs from the list as described in Changing the SUSE Menu Style.

Lists the most recently opened programs and files. To reopen a program or file, just click the entry. To remove all recently used programs or files from the list, right-click below the respective heading and select Clear Recently Used Applications or Clear Recently Used Documents.

Gives quick access to some places often needed, such as important system folders (home directory, network folders) and media devices. Also allows you to quickly access system information and to change your system configuration with YaST, if necessary.

Shows all applications installed on your system. The function-oriented menu structure makes it easy to find the right application for your purpose even if you do not know the application names yet. To navigate through the structure, click an entry and use the arrow icons at the right or the left to switch back and forth. To switch back to the top-level hierarchy from anywhere in the structure, just click the tab's name or icon.

Shows several options for leaving the session:

Logout: Ends your current session and leaves your system running. If not configured otherwise in the KDE control center (see Adjusting the Session Handling, the session manager will restore the currently open windows by default next time you log in to KDE.

Lock: Locks your screen and starts a screensaver. Access to the session can only be regained with a password. To unlock, enter your normal login password. If you leave your computer you can prevent unauthorized access by others by locking your screen.

Switch User: Starts a second session with a graphical user interface on your machine. Your current session remains active while you are taken to the login screen where you can log in as a different user. You can access the first session by pressing Strg-Alt-F7. To access a new session, press F8 instead of F7. Additional sessions can be accessed by pressing Strg-Alt-F9 to F12.

Shutdown Computer: Logs you out and turns your computer off.

Suspend Computer. This menu item is only available if your computer provides power management functionality. Pauses your computer without logging you out, thus offering a very fast access to your session when you get back to your computer.

Restart Computer: Initiates the shutdown process and reboots your computer. Instead of selecting the desired boot option in the boot manager, you can also select the desired option directly—just click one of the option below Restart Computer.

Prozedur 1.1. Using the Main Menu Search Function

The search function in the main menu is partially based on Kerry/Beagle which is also available as standalone search module (see Kapitel 10, Searching with Kerry). You can restrict your search by combining certain search criteria as described in the Search Quick Tips below the search field.

1. To start a search for any item in the main menu, just type one or several letters from the search string you want to enter. Each character you enter narrows down the search. The search results are shown directly below the search field. The results are sorted by categories for better overview.

2. If a search result suits your wishes, just click the entry to open the file or to start an action or an application.

3. To extend the search, enter a search term in the search field and click Search Index. The search is now extended to objects such as documents, e-mails, Web histories, IM/ITC conversations, source code, images or music files.

   For more detailed information about search options with Kerry/Beagle, refer to Kapitel 10, Searching with Kerry.

4. From the main menu, you can also search the Internet for a specific term. To do so, enter the term in the search field and click Search Internet at the bottom.

If you insert or connect removable media to your computer (such as CD-ROMs, digital cameras, or USB sticks), these are usually automatically detected. In KDE, a dialog appears, showing the medium type detected and offering several options of what to do with the new medium. The list of options depends on the type of medium inserted.

Abbildung 1.5. Automatic Detection of a USB Stick in KDE

To view the data with a file manager, select Open in New Window and click OK. The Konqueror file manager appears, showing the contents of the removable device.

Abbildung 1.6. Viewing the Contents of a USB Stick

For the same action to be performed every time you insert a removable medium of that type, activate Always do this for this type of media in the detection dialog before clicking OK.

If you insert or connect a removable medium to the system that has been encrypted with LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup), KDE recognizes this and prompts for the password as shown in Abbildung 1.7, „Automatic Detection of an Encrypted USB Stick“. Enter the password to access the encrypted medium.

Abbildung 1.7. Automatic Detection of an Encrypted USB Stick

For information about encrypting removable media, refer to Abschnitt „Verschlüsseln des Inhalts von Wechselmedien“ (Kapitel 40, Verschlüsseln von Partitionen und Dateien, ↑Referenz).

Prozedur 1.2. Configuring Removable Media Handling

In the autodetection dialog, you can also configure how KDE should handle several types of removable media. For example, if you know that a certain type of medium that you use often always contains photos, you can configure it to open an image viewer application automatically:

1. In the autodetection dialog, click Configure.

2. A configuration dialog appears, showing a list of all available actions.

3. Click the Medium types drop-down list and select the type of medium for which to configure a certain action. The list of available actions now only shows actions applicable to the medium type selected.

4. Select the action to apply and click Toggle as Auto Action.

   Abbildung 1.8. KDE Configuration Dialog for Removable Media

   
   

5. Click the Advanced tab and make sure the Enable medium application autostart after mount check box is selected.

6. Click OK to apply the changes and close the configuration dialog. Now every time you insert a medium of this type, the configured action is executed automatically and the autodetection dialog does not appear any more.

Prozedur 1.3. Restoring Default Media Handling Options

To reset the action assigned to the type of medium and restore the default options, proceed as follows:

Computer Icons Meanings List

1. Start the KDE control center from the main menu by selecting Favorites+Configure Desktop (Personal Settings).

2. In the left-hand navigation bar, click Peripherals+Storage Media. The configuration dialog appears on the right.

3. Click Default and Apply. The next time you insert a medium, the autodetection dialog appears again, leaving you the choice of what to do with the medium.

KDE offers several ways to access removable media at any time. Clicking My Computer on the desktops opens a view as shown in Abbildung 1.9, „My Computer“.

Abbildung 1.9. My Computer

If you start Konqueror as a file manager (see Abschnitt 1.4, „Managing Folders and Files with Konqueror“) and click Storage Media on the start window or enter media:/ in the location bar, Konqueror displays the storage devices as shown in Abbildung 1.10, „Displaying Media in Konqueror“.

Abbildung 1.10. Displaying Media in Konqueror

You can also name removable devices, such as USB sticks, with Konqueror. Right-click the USB stick in Konqueror and select Properties. On the General tab, enter a name in the input field and click OK. When inserting the stick the next time, Konqueror displays the name of the stick.

A small green arrow indicates that a medium has been mounted (integrated into your file system, which is necessary to access the data on the medium). In openSUSE, you normally do not have to care about mounting removable devices because this is done automatically by default.

Computer Functions And Uses

The trash bin is a directory for files marked for deletion. Drag icons from the file manager or the desktop to the trash bin icon by keeping the left mouse button pressed. Then release to drop them there. Alternatively, right-click an icon and select Move to Trash from the menu. Click the trash bin icon to view its contents. You can retrieve an item from the trash if desired.

List Of Computer Icons And Their Functions Examples

Files removed with Delete are not moved to the trash bin, but deleted completely. To delete the files in the trash bin completely, right-click the trash bin icon then click Empty Trash Bin.